Archive for the ‘FM Radio’ Category

WPEZ Radio Memories

Thursday, February 17th, 2011

I discovered   WPEZ FM Radio   (AKA: The Stereo Z) upon return to school at WPSBC, in the fall of 1973.  They filled the void left by the format change of 13-Q FM (WSHH) from top 40 to beautiful music format during that summer.  Though I was devastated to learn of the passing of WKTQ Radio’s FM side back to softer musical fair, my sadness was countermanded by the new WPEZ, which offered a similar format to 13Q, and a much stronger FM signal.  Plus, they broadcast in stereo from the beginning.  13-Q FM was mono. 

Like radio station WKTQ, WPEZ FM 94.5 ran many cash radio contests though they didn’t pay nearly as much per win as did 13-Q.  Yet the winners seemed to get just as excited at their telephone triumphs of $50 or $100 (typical); probably because they got to talk to a live charismatic DJ in addition to winning the money, which the WPEZ DJs tended to be indeed. 

WPEZ radio’s big slogan was “WPEZ plays less commercials,” and during the first year or so, that seemed to be quite true.  They indeed did run very few commercials, and this was a big lure for us kids, who just wanted to hear the big hit music and not a bunch of talk and squawk. 

However, they also played the same songs quite often; highly repetitious.  In late 1973, I think they spun the Steve Miller Band’s hit: The Joker, every fifteen to thirty minutes.  I remember commenting in amazement to [Mentat] about it one fall Friday afternoon as we waited for the bus home.  He said that he’d asked a WPEZ DJ why they played the same stuff so much, and the DJ grumbled that he didn’t like playing songs over and over.  But that’s what the listeners wanted, he told [Mentat].  So they must have also gotten many requests for Grand Funk’s   We’re An American Band, and The Locomotion  singles, along with Led Zeppelin’s classic  Stairway to Heaven, Paul Simon’s Love Me Like A Rock, and the Edgar Winter Group’s Free Ride hits.  They ran these songs into the ground. 

In the morning, Jane Clark read the news two or perhaps three times an hour, opposite of morning drive DJ Striker McGuire.  Originally, McGuire worked the 10:00 PM to 2:00 AM slot but got promoted to the 6:00 to 10:00 AM shift sometime in 1975 if memory serves.  I used to listen to him on my portable GE TV radio just prior to assembly at 8:30 AM, and get a chuckle from his jokes.  One time he said something nasty that I’m sorry I missed.  But for months afterward, WPEZ periodically ran this announcement from their general manager, apologizing for “the comments of Stryker McGuire.”  To this day, I still do not know what he said, and regretfully so. 

DJ Jim Ryan hosted the 6:00 to 10:00 PM spot throughout the mid 1970s.  He was funny in the style of 13-Q’s Jackson Armstrong in that he’d try and see just how much he could get away with saying, and when he’d utter something totally outrageous, he’d play this tape of a bunch of guys going, “Whooooah, whooooooah, whooooooah!” to call even more attention to his borderline risqué’ comments. 

Several of us rode a weekly bus from our home towns in and around Altoona to our school in Pittsburgh.  We’d make this trip every Sunday, and come back home again each Friday.  Most of us carried FM radios on these trips, and WPEZ 94.5 FM was perhaps the last Pittsburgh station to fade out as our east-bound bus topped Cresson mountain on Fridays.  At 50,000 watts effective radiated power, WPEZ had perhaps the “loudest” FM signal in its region and beyond.  I could even get them here at home faintly, if I swiveled the radio antenna the right way. 

However, the local cable company (Warner Cable at the time) also offered an FM radio service during the 1970s through sometime in the early 2000s, and they carried The Stereo Z as well.  Once I learned how to hook this up to my radio, I fooled no more with those telescopic antennas that I was always breaking anyhow.  Cable made those obsolete, and my parents, wishing not to buy me new ones all the time did not help matters either.    

Until I upgraded to cable service in my bedroom though, and after I’d broken the antennas off all the radios I had, I spent many a weekend trying to pull in WPEZ Radio FM clearly in my Bellwood bedroom using other sorts of antennae.  I’d string wires from old extension cords and motor windings all around the ceilings in my room as well as in the hall and up the stairs into the attic.  I even bought an FM dipole antenna from Radio Shack, hoping to get WPEZ  better.  A sympathizing ham radio friend, aware of my struggle to receive “the Z” DX-style, gave me a tube type RF amplifier that functioned between 54 and 98 Mhz.  So, it could amplify WPEZ’s 94.5 Mhz. signal, making it quite strong.  But the darn thing added so much hash and noise to the signal that, though stronger, the reception was no clearer by any means.  Still though, trying to listen to WPEZ at over a hundred miles away taught me much about radio basics and making antennas. I sure wish I would have owned a Beam Box FM antenna.  That might have worked better than the amplifier and strengthened the signal without adding all the noise.

On one warm spring day in 1975, I awoke to find WPEZ’s signal coming in just as strongly as if I was in Pittsburgh hearing it.  For the entire morning, it reverberated wall-to-wall.  Had I finally found an antenna configuration that worked?  Well, I had.  But my antennas weren’t what brought it in on that day.  Indeed, it would be decades before I’d learn of tropospheric ducting (a phenomenon on VHF frequencies that allows broadcast signals to travel much greater distances than is typical for them).  Changing temperatures and air pressures in the atmosphere create the so-called ducts, in which the signals travel quite far, just as water is carried through pipes to distant cities.  Unfortunately, these “air ducts” constantly change position, length, and number.  It turned out that I was lucky to receive WPEZ as long that day as I had.  Just after lunch, their signal began to fade, and by 2:00 PM, had all but completely disappeared.  Learning that my antennas were not all that brought WPEZ from Pittsburgh to Bellwood depressed me for some days, and I had to seek counsel from my electronics teacher to feel better about the whole incident. 

From the fall of 1974 to the fall of 1976, WPEZ FM was my primary source of new music and news while at school.  At the beginning of 10th grade however, WTAE FM changed into an automated-style top 40 station that for the first several months anyhow, played absolutely no commercials.  This new station on the block (96 KX) captivated me; particularly the no-commercials part, the automation (everything was run by computers), and the KX Call Girl sweetened the KX pot even more.  Then, WPEZ failed to measure up; the same that happened to 13-Q when WPEZ came to town.  Though WPEZ continued for several more years, I tended to listen to them less. 

But WPEZ’s role in my teenage musical evolution was as profound as 13-Q’s had been in pre adolescence.  During seventh and eighth grades, you could have taken the tuning knobs away from all of my radios, and I probably wouldn’t have cared so long as they were all tuned to WPEZ Radio.   They changed format again in the early 1980s and changed their call letters back to what they’d been before the WPEZ hoopla; WWSW FM. 

Tom Hesley

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Today’s Business: 2010-11-26

Friday, November 26th, 2010

Today’s Activities

  • Shower.  DONE.
  • Cat duty.  DONE.
  • Wash (1) load of pending laundry.  DONE.

Log

08:50 AM: I rose  to get Mom ready for her physical therapist’s visit in a half-hour or so.  Nephew Grant has left already; apparently he thought that our guest bed was too squeaky.  Hmmmm. 

10:45 AM: Mom’s physical therapist arrived just over an hour ago, and I worked with her to help Mom with standing up from her wheelchair at the kitchen sink and numerous other exercises.  Mom definitely appears to be growing stronger every day.  My sisters have noticed it, and so did the PT comment on it today.  She’ll be back again early next week. 

11:00 AM: [Emmy] and I got into yesterday’s leftovers.  I had a delicious turkey sandwich on pumpernickel bread.  Can’t beat that. 

04:00 PM: Spent this afternoon doing laundry, cleaning and sorting the silverware we used during our Thanksgiving meal, scrubbing the roaster, and putting excess leftovers in freezer containers and bags and then taking them down to the freezer in the basement. 

05:00 PM: Watched today’s episode of   The Young and the Restless   on the DVR.  It was a “classic” episode this time (a rerun from a few months back).  They typically do this at least one day around each holiday, presumably to give the actors and other show hands the day off. 

07:00 PM: [Emmy]   and I listened to a couple Penguins hockey games that she’d recorded from Internet radio (this past Wednesday’s game as well as today’s).  She recorded them on her Victor Reader Stream simply by placing the recorder next to the radio and utilizing its built-in microphone. 

08:00 PM: Munched on two turkey sandwiches for supper.  Mmmmmmm! 

09:00 PM: We’ve been playing the (old-fashioned) FM radio.  Normally I do not listen to ”off-air” radio anymore.  But since we do not yet have Internet radios scattered throughout our entire house yet, sometimes it’s more convenient to cope with the static and poor reception of FM.  That was especially true today, as some local stations were playing Christmas music.  I just played it loud enough to hear throughout the first floor, and that really got me into the Christmas spirit.  I so love the holidays. 

09:30 PM: Sister Jojo’s 22nd wedding anniversary is today, so happy anniversary Jojo! 

11:00 PM: Helped Mom to bed and dispensed her night meds.  She’s a bit cold.  So I gave her an extra blanket and turned up the heat a couple degrees to 74 degrees. 

11:20 PM: I’m heading to bed myself.  All this eating really wears me out!  :-)   So good night and take care.  There will be more tales of gluttony here tomorrow.  :-)  

Tom Hesley

Received Mail and Shipments

  • Misc. credit card papers.
  • Solicitation from UPMC for donations for their department of neurology. 
  • Meeting notice from Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield to discuss changes in 2011 to Mom’s medical insurance coverage.   

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Beam Box FM Antenna

Monday, March 15th, 2010

Dear   [Mentat], 

Yep, I remember that Beam Box you owned throughout the late 1970s and well into the 1980s, although I played with it very little.  However, I know just from experimenting with antennas in ham radio, that when you tune an aerial to the desired frequency, and the antenna has a very high Q, you get amazingly good performance. 

Unfortunately, antennas like this for the FM band are hard to come by (with the exception of the Beam Box).  Because of how wide the FM band is (20 Mhz.), you really do need a tunable antenna to optimize reception for individual stations throughout the band.  A simple broadband antenna (like the whips on “rabbit ears” or the old dangling wire behind the receiver) just don’t cut it, although they admittedly work reasonably well when you have no better alternatives. Yep, the Beam Box was great.  I wonder if anyone makes something like that spectacular antenna today?  

Tom Hesley 

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Today’s Business: 2009-12-24

Thursday, December 24th, 2009

09:15 AM: I’m up.  [Emmy] is downstairs, eating toast and jam for breakfast, and I’m trying to find a radio station that is carrying the Dusty Rhodes Christmas Countdown show this year.  Hopefully, he’s doing it this season.  WALY FM here in Bellwood used to broadcast this.  But last year, they did not, and I’ve not heard them mention it at all lately.  Hopefully, some station on the Internet radio will have it.

10:50 AM: Listening to Christmas music on the radio while [Emmy] showered. 

10:55 AM: Now, we’re getting ready for the progressive dinner we’re having starting at 4:00 this afternoon.  First, we’ll head to sister Jojo’s for appetizers (cheese bread bowl, miniature hot dogs wrapped in a dough shell, veggie pizza, and pop), then to sister Diane’s for salad and shrimp, then to sister Christine’s for the main course of lasagna, and finally, all the family is coming here for dessert. 

Yep, I think this occasion warrants breaking out a new pair of shoes.  Back in 2003, right before I resigned my software engineering position, I visited a store called Super Shoes in Altoona, and purchased around ten pairs of casual shoes; walking, cross-training, and running.  Now, I’ve only three pairs left., and I’m not looking forward to actually having to buy shoes every six months or so, once my big stash finally runs out.  Well, perhaps these three remaining pairs will last through all of 2010, and somewhere in there, I’ll find another  gigantic shoe sale, that will allow me to restock my supply, at a decent price. Boy, that would be a great Christmas present.  :-)

01:30 PM: Just got back from picking up two pies for the dessert portion of the progressive dinner this evening.  The lady gave me both pies for $20.  Man, she was certainly in the Christmas spirit.

02:15 PM: We found the   Dusty Rhodes Christmas Countdown.  It’s airing right now on    KBGO-FM 95.7 Waco, TX.  They played it last year as well.  Though the bit rate is only 32 kbps, it still sounds reasonably good; certainly better than not getting to hear it at all. 

03:00 PM: Talked with [Ron].  He just received a brand new set of drums from a life-long mentor/friend of his.  He was, “in Heaven” as he describes his mood after being presented this rather extravagant gift. 

03:10 PM: Working two loads of laundry (table cloths, and whites for Mom).

03:45 PM: We’re leaving for the progressive dinner momentarily.  It’s still sunny outside with temps in the low to mid thirties. 

09:45 PM: Okay, now, we’re back here at home for the final phase of our Christmas eve progressive dinner.  It went smoother this year than last, partly owing to the better weather today than the soggy and damp day-before-Christmas in 2008.  [Emmy] is a bit under the weather; I think she ate a little too much.  But aside from that, everything’s going quite well.  Merry Christmas!

12:15 AM: All guests have now left for home.

12:40 AM: Posted the list of revised or added posts today,   here.

12:50 AM: We here are heading  for bed.  :-)   Merry Christmas everyone, and I’ll write more on this blog later on Christmas day.

Tom Hesley

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WXDX Using Higher Bit Rate

Wednesday, November 25th, 2009

08:00 PM: I was pleased tonight to learn that station WXDX FM in Pittsburgh has switched to a much higher bit rate on their Internet stream. Now, they’re streaming at 128 kbps instead of the 32 or 48 kbps they were using during the last hockey game that [Emmy] and I caught the other night. Hopefully this change-for-the-better is permanent and that more Internet stations will follow suit, including our favorites like KDKA, KQV, and KYW. It’d be nice if they all employed at least 128 kbps AAC transmissions. But I know, we’re still quite a ways from that utopia yet.

Tom Hesley

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13Q Memories

Saturday, October 31st, 2009

In the early winter of 1973, upon returning to school after Christmas vacation, we found a new radio station on the band in Pittsburgh.  That was WKTQ (13Q). 1320 AM and WSHH (also 13Q) 100.7 FM.  For the rest of the school year, the AM and FM sides broadcast the same program (simocast), with the FM station offering a monophonic but notably higher-fidelity version of the AM content. 

The AM side of 13Q radio had been station WJAS, which, if I remember correctly, played jazz and big band instrumental music. Not my favorite music at the time, I was thrilled to learn that “the new sound of 13Q” consisted instead, of rock, pop, and some novelty hits that they played until we got so sick of them that we couldn’t bear to hear them anymore.  One of those was Chuck Berry’s  My Ding-A-Ling.  A hit from the fall of  1972, they played it several times a day, well after it had gone off the charts; as late as the summer of 1973, trying to resurrect it.  The 13Q radio DJs commented that the other Pittsburgh stations had ripped us off when it came to this song, and that 13Q would make up that shortfall by over-playing it, a lot!  They did play it excessively as well, along with Cheech and Chong’s  Sister Mary Elephant skit. Both pieces gave us all chuckles as we got dizzy on the push merry-go-round.

13Q radio was the station of choice in the spring of 1973, for [First Love] and me.  In sixth grade we loved meeting during the social hour on the boys side playground from 7:00 PM to 8:00 PM on Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings.  In my sixth grade year, I had no portable radio of my own.  So, [Tad] loaned me his almost every night, to take to the merry-go-round, and make some romantic musical memories with [First Love].  13Q played some good ones too, including The Four Tops hit,  Ain’t No Woman Like the One I Got, Focus’s progressive hit, Hocus Pocus, and Skylark’s rock ballad, Wildflower

We listened mainly in the evenings, when DJ Jackson Armstrong talked fast and yelled into the mic, announcing each song and doing little bits of humor.  Armstrong made comments that bordered on the obscene, and made us grade schoolers giggle endlessly.  Another 13Q DJ, Batman Johnson, followed Armstrong at 10:00 PM.  But I never listened to him much because in those days, I got to bed by 10:00 or 10:30 at the latest.  In fact, Armstrong is the only 13Q personality that I remember well.  13Q would not have been 13Q without him.  Unfortunately, he passed away the day before Easter in 2008 from falling down the stairs in his home. 

Of course, we listened most to the FM side, which though in mono, sounded so much better than the AM version.  Even at the age of 12, I knew what good audio fidelity was and sought it relentlessly in records, tapes, and FM radios.  I remember fiddling with receivers for hours on weekends at home in Altoona, trying to pull in 13Q FM (WSHH).  One chilly but sunny Saturday afternoon in the back yard at home in March of 1973, I picked them up just barely above the FM radio mixer hissing noise, heard on frequencies where no station is coming in.  As they played that Loggins and Messina hit, called Your Mama Don’t Dance, I frantically whipped the telescoping antenna around on the Panasonic portable that I’d borrowed from [Jackie] for the weekend, overjoyed that I’d been able to pick them up at all, and desperate to get them in more clearly.  But WGMR FM in Tyrone at 101.1 Mhz., interfered in one direction, while WVAM FM in Altoona at 100.1 Mhz. interfered from another.  Still though, I was proud of that Panasonic radio, even though it was not mine,  for how sensitive it proved to be.  Panasonic made really great radios in those days. 

While I enjoyed listening to the FM side (as hissy as it was) in Altoona, I soon grew bored with all the static.  So I tried tuning in to the 13Q Radio AM transmitter one night.  I got it fairly well, occasionally.  But it faded in and out quite a bit and I got interference from WTRN in Tyrone at 1340 Khz, and WFBG in Altoona, at 1290 Khz.  Nonetheless, I kept listening to 13Q whenever possible and however I could get them, because it made me feel closer to   [First Love]   just hearing the songs on the weekends when she was not around, that she and I enjoyed during the week at WPSBC. One night in early May, 1973, my parents drove to Pittsburgh to see me play trombone in   my first WPSBC spring concert.  Then, as we drove back to Altoona afterwards, I kept my ears glued to 13Q for as long as they lasted.  At night, they cut back their AM transmitter power and we weren’t too far out of Pittsburgh before they faded away.  The FM that night wasn’t much better.  That didn’t matter though because by the time we got home at around midnight, I’d been sleeping in the car for over an hour anyway.

13Q radio made a big splash in Pittsburgh playing fewer commercials than other local stations, along with all the money they gave away.  They often ran this telephone contest, where they’d call random numbers.  The person answering the phone was to say, “I listen to the new sound of 13Q!”  If the person said this first, they’d win an unsightly large cash prize; thirteen thousand dollars became typical and then later on, they grew the jackpot to twenty-five thousand and beyond.   Neither my school mates nor myself ever knew any winners, and to my knowledge, none of us ever received a call ourselves from this seemingly endless cash radio source.  But hearing others yell and scream who had won, was really cool. 

In the fall of 1973, approximately a year after I’d begun listening to 13Q, the FM side changed format to the so-called beautiful musicgenre.  Gone was the high fidelity pop music that had seriously sweetened the spring of 1973 with [First Love].  I discovered this upon return to school to start my seventh grade year, and felt sad over the loss for several weeks.  Fortunately however, a new FM station, WPEZ had begun broadcasting over the summer at 94.5 Mhz., and they turned out to be every bit as good as 13Q radio, in my humble opinion. Besides, after [First Love] and I broke up, 13Q became a painful reminder of what we once enjoyed together, but did so no more.  So with the FM side gone along with [First Love], I didn’t listen to them much after this; not until 1978 anyway, when I thought [First Love] and I might get back together again.

One never heard any dead air on 13Q radio.  Everythihg from the announcements and commercials, to even the music itself was played fast, and DJ Jackson Armstrong set this sort of tone for the rest of the station with his rapid-fire zingers and shouting.  Listening to 13Q was like pounding down a few cups of espresso; just hearing them raised the blood pressure and heart rate a little, and usually made me smile.

I took the radio to Flagstaff Hill in Pittsburgh’s Oakland section a few times with [First Love], in the spring of 1978, and then a couple times by myself during the fall of 1979, as I reminisced about the good times there with her the previous year.  Then, their big slogan went something like, “13Q keeps you humming along.” 

WKTQ AM 1320 (13Q) continued broadcasting until 1981, and I listened a lot during the fall of 1979, when they had adopted a calmer, more adult sound.   They played the gentler side of top 40 then with songs like Neil Diamond’s hit, September Morn and the Dirt Band’s Let’s Make a Little Magic along with Linda Ronstadt’s hit, Hurt So Bad.  In 1981, they went back to what they’d been playing before becoming 13Q; returning to their old call letters (WJAS), and started playing the music-of-your-life format once more.  This included popular jazz and big band sounds. 

The disappearance of 13Q weighed heavily on my heart.  But by the mid 70s, a few other FM stations in western PA were playing top 40 music in addition to WPEZ; the elevator-music era on FM radio was coming to an end.  The additional pop music stations made the loss of 13Q radio bearable, though I’ve never forgotten them and how they really spiced up my sixth grade school year with all sorts of great music and funny talk.  Thus, I’ve written this piece in tribute to 13Q, to express my heart felt appreciation for what they were and how they made me so happy as a twelve year-old boy.  Thanks for everything, 13Q radio.  May you rest in peace.   

Tom Hesley

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Labor Day Weekend Business: 2009-09-07

Monday, September 7th, 2009

This was a slow weekend; no big parties or family get-togethers happened.  Typical for this particular holiday in our family.

The cold I contracted at camp is finally gone.  All remants of the cough have left.  I got two colds this year so far; higher than usual.  To reduce the frequency of these colds, I aspire to further reduce consumption of refined sugars and flours as well as to slightly increase the consumption of red meat and citrus fruits.

I’ve lost the entire nine pounds that I gained at camp.  Current weight is 168 pounds.

Mom and I listened to the Bellwood Vs. Tyrone football game on Friday night.  Bellwood won.   Yippee!

Spent a little time at the pavilion Saturday night, watching the moon come up over the mountain.  The iPod kept me company as I watched the eastern sky just above the top of the mountain grow brighter and brighter, then the full moon emerge with its slivery-green luster.

Pruned all shrubs and trees that needed it around the house, with the new John Deere hedge trimmer and the one-year-old chainsaw.  I love using gas-powered tools.

Yesterday, Mom and I went to the park for some Texas hot dogs, then visited my closest sister.

Got caught up on all TV shows, including The Young and the Restless, NBC Nightly News, and  Dr. Phil.  No outstanding shows remain on the DVR as of this writing.

Spent a few hours social networking on the phone over the weekend.  I’m pulling away from the current forum however, because my views on love and relationships have not been well-received and produce much bashing aimed at me whenever I present them.  There is excessive foul language and acrimony, and one woman, who I thought was a good friend, betrayed me to the board by posting things about me which I had confided to her in confidence.  She also read some of my blog pieces on the board, where she, along with several others, jeered and poked fun at them.  That hurt, much more than I would have imagined.  I’d have never guessed her capable of such treachery — acting so interested in my work and then going off and using my own words against me.  She appears to have done all this just because she disagreed with my views during one discussion; certainly not a good reason.  This experience has taught me not to so easily trust people.  I so get it now, why women are very reluctant to trust new men.  I’ll certainly be more reserved about sharing too much of myself with new women now, after this experience, and because of it, I cherish even more the good friends I have that have withstood the test of time.  In fact, I told [Emmy] and [Mentat] today how grateful I am to have them both in my life.  The betrayal made me appreciate them, that have never done me wrong with malicious intent, just so much more.  I don’t believe I’ve ever been betrayed to this degree before.  So there is no apologizing for what this stranger did.  So I’ll never forgive her.  Hopefully, I’ve learned a little about how to quickly spot others like her in the future.   On thing that’s clear to me now is that time does indeed reveal.  So from now on, I’ll be taking lots of time getting to know new people before opening up to them very much.

Talked with [Emmy] every day.  She’s been very supportive and loving through all this hurt.

Talked with [Mentat] today.  We’ll be going to Pittsburgh together, and his sister will take me to the train Friday.

The planning for next weekend’s trip to Pittsburgh to our school alumni social is almost complete.  I just have to decide when I’ll be returning home.

Mostly sunny weekend except for today, with high temps ranging from the upper 60s to the low 80s.  Today was overcast with a bit of rain in the morning.

Tom Hesley

WHPA and WALY FM

Monday, March 12th, 2007

[Mentat],

Yes, the oldies station (WHPA) at 93.5 in Hollidaysburg is still playing. Mom listens to them frequently in her car.

WALY FM is at 103.9.

This WRKY is at 104.9, and they play classic rock (Guess Who, The Who, AC DC, George Thorogood, Etc.).

Tom Hesley

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WRKY FM

Monday, March 12th, 2007

Hey [Mentat],

Didn’t there used to be a WRKY FM in Steubenville, Ohio? Well, there’s one here in Altoona now at 104.9 FM. That’s the first time I’ve ever heard a new station getting the same call letters as an older one.

Tom Hesley

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Building an Antenna

Tuesday, May 2nd, 2000

Dear   [Lynn],

You are too kind.

Just working on the geometry for this antenna. This 3-dimensional stuff, while not terribly difficult, is quite tedious. Once I understand how all this is done manually, I’ll write a program to do it automatically. :-) They do have antenna modeling programs available. But they tend to be expensive and difficult to learn. :-) But these programs take into account many variables that I might not even think of. :-) This is very fun though. Can’t wait to put it together and try it out in the back yard.

Later honey.

Tom Hesley

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